DYARCHY
- Dyarchy, also spelled "diarchy" , is a system of double government introduced by the Government Of Indian Act (1919 ) for the provinces of British India.
- Dyarchy was introduced as a constitutional reforms by E.S Montague (secretary of state for India) and Lord Chelmford (Viceroy of India).
- The principle of Dyarchy was a division of the executive branch of each provincial government into Authoritarian and Popularly responsible sectors.
- The first was composed of executive counselors, appointed, by the crown.
- The second was composed of ministers who were chosen by the governor from the elected members of the provincial legislature.
- Next, the various field of administration were divided between the Counselors and the Ministers being named reserved and transferred subjects, respectively.
- The reserved subjects came under the heading of law and order and included justice, revenue, and irrigation, police, land.
- The transferred subjects (i.e. those under the control of Indian Ministers) included local self-government, education, public health, public works, agriculture forests and fisheries.
- Dyarchy system was a major defect for the failure of the Montford Reforms.
- The system ended with the introduction of provincial autonomy in 1935.
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